The advent of ever increasing industrial development has created environmental problems such as air pollution. The rising emission of air pollutants can lead to higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM), thereby aggravating respiratory conditions (e.g., chronic respiratory diseases and lung cancer) and eventually increase mortality. Recently, numerous studies have shown that PM deposition in the lung and extrapulmonary organs is one of the potential mechanisms to directly induce oxidative stress by imbalancing the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria. The first open question is how PM affects mitophagy and selective autophagy of mitochondria, by using in vivo model to understand the underlying mechanism. There are a myriad of known beneficial effects of exercise. Nonetheless, there is lack of evidence for the positive or negative effect of PM exposure during exercise, which constitutes our second area of interest. These studies will help to identify exercise-induced biomarkers that can help to treat the pathophysiology of PM induced diseases.